High Court of Justice
The High Court of Justice (HCJ) is Israel's supreme judicial authority, serving as a court of first instance for petitions against state authorities and as the final court of appeals. In 2026, it has become the primary arena for unprecedented constitutional confrontations regarding the limits of executive power, legislative supremacy, and the Haredi draft.
The High Court of Justice (HCJ) stands at the pinnacle of the Israeli judicial system. While it functions as the Supreme Court for civil and criminal appeals, its role as the HCJ allows it to serve as a court of first instance for petitions filed by individuals and organizations against the actions of the government, the Knesset, and other public authorities. In a country without a formal written constitution, the HCJ relies on Israel's Basic Laws and judicial precedent to exercise judicial review, a role that has placed it at the center of Israel's most intense political and social debates. By late August 2026, the court has entered a period of direct institutional friction with the executive and legislative branches. Recent rulings have seen the court freeze hundreds of millions in coalition-directed funds approved during the election recess, while carving out specific exceptions for civilian emergency expenses and the maintenance of holy sites, such as the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron. Simultaneously, the court is presiding over high-stakes petitions regarding the Haredi draft, with the Knesset's own legal representative suggesting that certain coalition-backed legislation "apparently must be annulled" due to fundamental flaws. The confrontation has escalated to the point where the Knesset has prepared special sessions to assert that its laws are immune to judicial invalidation, while Knesset Speaker Amir Ohana has openly boasted of defying court directives regarding the State Comptroller. Furthermore, the court has faced petitions from the Attorney General demanding the dismissal of National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir and has blocked Justice Minister Yariv Levin from appointing a new director for the Police Internal Investigations Department (Mahash). These developments represent a significant test of the source of sovereign authority in Israel, as the court continues to oversee sensitive matters ranging from the legality of government media closures to the procedural integrity of the Knesset Finance Committee.