Iran's army
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army (Artesh) is the conventional military force of Iran, distinct from the IRGC. In July 2026, it transitioned to active kinetic operations against U.S. regional assets following large-scale American strikes on Iranian infrastructure.
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army, known as the Artesh, serves as the conventional branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. Historically tasked with protecting Iran's territorial integrity and borders, it operates alongside the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), though the two maintain separate command structures and roles. While the IRGC is often associated with asymmetric warfare and regional proxies, the Artesh maintains traditional ground, air, and naval divisions, including elite units like the 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade.
As of July 2026, the Artesh has moved into a state of direct confrontation with the United States. This shift followed the collapse of the 'Islamabad' memorandum and subsequent U.S. strikes that targeted strategic Iranian infrastructure, including bridges in southern Iran and the port of Chabahar. In response, the Iranian army has officially claimed responsibility for a series of drone and missile strikes across the Persian Gulf. These operations have utilized Arash-2 suicide drones—long-range loitering munitions—to target U.S. logistics hubs, assembly points, and defensive assets in Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar.
Specific claims from the Artesh include the targeting of a Patriot missile defense battery in Kuwait and fuel storage facilities in Bahrain. The army's rhetoric has intensified in tandem with these kinetic actions, with official statements labeling the U.S. leadership as "insane" and vowing to continue strikes until American forces withdraw or cease their campaign. For Israel and the broader region, the active involvement of the Artesh signifies a total mobilization of the Iranian state’s military apparatus beyond its paramilitary and proxy arms, increasing the risk of a sustained, high-intensity regional conflict.