Palestinian Authority
The Palestinian Authority (PA) is the administrative body established to govern parts of Judea and Samaria. While ostensibly a partner for regional stability, it faces severe Israeli and international scrutiny over its 'pay-for-slay' prisoner payment system and its potential liability for terror activities, including the October 7 massacre.
The Palestinian Authority (PA) functions as the governing entity for Palestinian Arab population centers in Judea and Samaria. Established under the Oslo Accords in the 1990s, the PA was intended to serve as a transitional administration. However, its role in the regional security landscape is deeply contested. From a security-first perspective, the PA is frequently criticized for its systemic incitement and its 'Martyrs' Fund,' which provides financial stipends to terrorists and their families—a policy often termed 'pay-for-slay.'
In September 2026, the PA's relationship with Israel reached a new point of friction. Defense Minister Israel Katz issued a stark warning that the IDF has been instructed to prepare for a full-scale war against the PA should its security forces attempt an October 7-style assault. This scenario, termed a 'reversal of fronts,' would involve targeted eliminations of senior officials and the evacuation of Palestinian towns. This follows landmark Israeli legislation mandating the deduction of funds from tax revenues collected by Israel on behalf of the PA to compensate victims of terrorism.
Simultaneously, the PA faces massive legal challenges. In Jerusalem, a lawsuit involving 8,000 plaintiffs seeks to hold the PA liable for the October 7, 2023, massacre, supported by research linking PA financial systems to senior Hamas operatives. Internationally, the PA and the PLO have attempted to block the collection of hundreds of millions of dollars in terror compensation through the U.S. Supreme Court. Despite its administrative presence in Judea and Samaria, the PA's relevance in Gaza remains minimal; recent negotiations suggest that even in scenarios involving the disarmament of Hamas, the terror group may prefer an international stabilization force over a return of the PA to power in the Strip. For Israel, the PA remains a complex actor: a provider of civil services and limited security coordination on one hand, and a primary source of diplomatic warfare and financial support for terrorism on the other.