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Houthis

The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah, are a Zaydi Shia Islamist movement and militant group in Yemen. As a key component of the Iranian-led 'Axis of Resistance,' they have increasingly projected power beyond Yemen's borders, utilizing ballistic missiles and drones to target international shipping and Israeli territory.

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The Houthi movement emerged from northern Yemen in the 1990s and seized the capital, Sana'a, in 2014, sparking a protracted civil war. While their origins are rooted in local religious and political grievances, the movement has evolved into a strategic proxy for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). This partnership provides the Houthis with advanced military technology, including long-range ballistic missiles and loitering munitions, which they have deployed with increasing frequency against regional adversaries. For Israel, the Houthi threat represents a significant expansion of the southern front. The group has repeatedly attempted to strike Israeli targets, most notably the southern port city of Eilat and central Israel, and has disrupted global trade by attacking commercial vessels in the Red Sea. These actions are framed by the group as 'solidarity' with Palestinian terror organizations, but they serve the broader Iranian objective of encircling Israel with a 'ring of fire.' In June 2026, on the background of direct kinetic warfare between Israel and Iran, the Houthis significantly escalated their involvement. The group declared a renewed 'naval blockade,' stating that all Israeli vessels would be considered legitimate military targets. During this period, the Houthis launched ballistic missiles toward central Israel, Jaffa, and Jerusalem, most of which were successfully intercepted by the Arrow and Iron Dome systems. Furthermore, reports emerged of Houthi threats to close the Bab el-Mandeb strait, a critical global shipping corridor, should Israeli strikes continue. The IDF has signaled it is preparing for large-scale retaliatory strikes on Houthi infrastructure in Yemen as part of the broader 'Operation Roaring Lion.'